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''Film'' is a 1965 film written by Samuel Beckett, his only screenplay. It was commissioned by Barney Rosset of Grove Press. Writing began on 5 April 1963 with a first draft completed within four days. A second draft was produced by 22 May and a forty-leaf shooting script followed thereafter. It was filmed in New York in July 1964. Beckett’s original choice for the lead – referred to only as “O” – was Charlie Chaplin, but his script never reached him.〔”()hen Rosset, who had commissioned the screenplay — and whose Grove Press would publish it — sent a copy to Chaplin in California, he was coolly informed by a secretary: ‘Mr. Chaplin doesn’t read scripts.’” – Talmer, J., ‘A film of few words and one Keaton’ in ''(Downtown Express, Vol. 18, Issue 52 )'', 2006〕 Both Beckett and the director Alan Schneider were interested in Zero Mostel and Jack MacGowran. However, the former was unavailable and the latter, who accepted at first, became unavailable due to his role in a "Hollywood epic."〔Cited in Alan Schneider's essay, "On Directing ''Film''" in ''Film'' by Samuel Beckett (New York: Grove Press, 1969), 66.〕 Beckett then suggested Buster Keaton.〔Schneider, A., ''(On Directing Samuel Beckett’s Film )'' Explains Schneider: "During a transatlantic call one day (as I remember) he shattered our desperation over the sudden casting crisis by calmly suggesting Buster Keaton." In print: Schneider, "On Directing ''Film''" (Grove, 1969), 67.〕 Schneider promptly flew to Los Angeles and persuaded Keaton to accept the role along with "a handsome fee for less than three weeks' work."〔Schneider, "On Directing ''Film''", 68.〕 James Karen, who was to have a small part in the film, also encouraged Schneider to contact Keaton.〔According to Karen, he had urged Schneider to consider the 68-year-old Keaton when MacGowran’s schedule changed, making him unavailable. Brownlow, K., ‘Brownlow on Beckett (on Keaton)’ in ''(FilmWest 22 )''〕 The filmed version differs from Beckett's original script but with his approval since he was on set all the time, this being his only visit to the United States. The script printed in ''Collected Shorter Plays of Samuel Beckett'' (Faber and Faber, 1984) states: : “This is the original film project for ''Film''. No attempt has been made to bring it into line with the finished work. The one considerable departure from what was imagined concerns the opening sequence in the street. This was first shot as given, then replaced by a simplified version in which only the indispensable couple is retained. For the rest the shooting script followed closely the indications in the script.”〔Beckett, S., ''Collected Shorter Plays of Samuel Beckett'' (London: Faber and Faber, 1984), p 162〕 It was remade by the British Film Institute (1979, 16 mm, 26 minutes) without Beckett’s supervision, as ''Film: a screenplay by Samuel Beckett''. David Rayner Clark directed Max Wall.〔Beckett did not approve of the finished product: “It was awful. I was there when they were setting it all up and then I had to go with the director - what was his name? - and I was very embarrassed. It was supposed to be silent with just the sound of feet and the one word "ssh" and he had every kind of noise going on.” – Brownlow, K., ‘Brownlow on Beckett (on Keaton) ’ in ''(FilmWest 22 )''. A full review can be read at ''(Journal of Beckett Studies Vol. 7 )''〕 It first appeared in print in ''Eh Joe and Other Writings'' (Faber and Faber, 1967). ==Synopsis== Throughout the first two parts almost everything is seen through the eye of the camera (designated in the script as E), although there are occasional moments when O's perception is seen. In the third part, much more of O’s perception of the room and its contents is given. In order to distinguish between the two perceptions, objects seen by O were shot through a lens-gauze, blurring his perception while E's perception was shot without gauze or filters, keeping the images sharp. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Film (film)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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